Preprints

• T. Kell, H. Yousaf, S. Allen, S. Meiklejohn, and A. Juels. Forsage: Anatomy of a Smart-Contract Pyramid Scheme.
• M. Salathe, C. L. Althaus, N. Anderegg, D. Antonioli, T. Ballouz, E. Bugnion, S. Capkun, D. Jackson, S.-I. Kim, J. R. Larus, N. Low, W. Lueks, D. Menges, C. Moullet, M. Payer, J. Riou, T. Stadler, C. Troncoso, E. Vayena, V. von Wyl. Early Evidence of Effectiveness of Digital Contact Tracing for SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland.
• N. Ephraim, C. Freitag, I. Komargodski, and R. Pass. SPARKs: Succinct Parallelizable Arguments of Knowledge.
• L. Barman, I. Dacosta, M. Zamani, E. Zhai, A. Pyrgelis, B. Ford, J. Feigenbaum, and J-P. Hubaux. PriFi: Low-Latency Anonymity for Organizational Networks.
• R. Gennaro and S. Goldfeder. One Round Threshold ECDSA with Identifiable Abort.
• S. Capkun and many others. DP3T - Decentralized Privacy-Preserving Proximity Tracing.
• I. Tsabary, M. Yechieli, and I. Eyal. MAD-HTLC: Because HTLC is Crazy-Cheap to Attack.
• T-H. H. Chan, N. Ephraim, A. Marcedone, A. Morgan, R. Pass, and E. Shi. Blockchain with Varying Number of Players.
• J. Wan, H. Xiao, E. Shi, and S. Devadas. Expected Constant Round Byzantine Broadcast under Dishonest Majority.
• T-H. H. Chan, W-K. Lin, K. Nayak, and E. Shi. Perfectly Secure Oblivious Parallel RAM with O(log3N/loglogN) Overhead.
• G. Avarikioti, E. Kokoris Kogias, R. Wattenhofer, and D. Zindros. Brick: Asynchronous Payment Channels.
• A. Miller, Y. Zhang, and S. Kanjalkar. Baby SNARK (do do dodo dodo).
• E. Shi. Streamlined Blockchains: A Simple and Elegant Approach.
• B. Ford. Technologizing Democracy or Democratizing Technology? A Layered-Architecture Perspective on Potentials and Challenges.
• B. Ford, P. Jovanovic, and E. Syta. Que Sera Consensus: Simple Asynchronous Agreement with Private Coins and Threshold Logical Clocks.
• I. Tsabary, A. Spiegelman, and I. Eyal. Just Enough Security: Reducing Proof-of-Work Ecological Footprint.
• D. Easley, M. O'Hara, and S. Basu. From mining to markets: The evolution of bitcoin transaction fees.
• A. Judmayer, N. Stifter, A. Zamyatin, I. Tsabary, I. Eyal, P. Gazi, S. Meiklejohn, and E. Weippl. Pay-To-Win: Incentive Attacks on Proof-of-Work Cryptocurrencies.
• J. Grimmelmann. All Smart Contracts Are Ambiguous.
• G. Fanti, N. Holden, Y. Peres, and G. Ranade. Communication cost of consensus for nodes with limited memory.
• Y. Guo, R. Pass, and E. Shi. Synchronous, with a Chance of Partition Tolerance.
• T.-H. H. Chan, R. Pass, and E. Shi. Consensus through Herding.
• E. Shi Path Oblivious Heap.
• A. Hicks, V. Mavroudis, M. Al-Bassam, S. Meiklejohn and S.J. Murdoch. VAMS: Verifiable Auditing of Access to Confidential Data.
• S. Azouvi, P. McCorry, S. Meiklejohn. Betting on Blockchain Consensus with Fantomette
• E. Kokoris-Kogias, E.C. Alp, S.D. Siby, N. Gaillya, P. Jovanovic, L. Gasser and B. Ford. Hidden in Plain Sight: Storing and Managing Secrets on a Public Ledger.

Published Papers

2021

• K. Gurkan, P. Jovanovic, M. Maller, S. Meiklejohn, G. Stern, and A. Tomescu. Aggregatable Distributed Key Generation. Eurocrypt, 2021.
• C. Hou, M. Zhou, Y. Ji, P. Daian, F. Tramer, G. Fanti, and A. Juels. SquirRL: Automating Attack Discovery on Blockchain Incentive Mechanisms with Deep Reinforcement Learning. NDSS, 2021.
• E. Cecchetti, S. Yao, H. Ni, and A. C. Myers. Compositional Security for Reentrant Applications. IEEE S&P, 2021 (Best Paper Award).
• D. Maram, H. Malvai, F. Zhang, N. Jean-Louis, A. Frolov, T. Kell, T. Lobban, C. Moy, A. Juels, and A. Miller. CanDID: Can-Do Decentralized Identity with Legacy Compatibility, Sybil-Resistance, and Accountability. IEEE S&P, 2021.
• K. Thomas, D. Akhawe, M. Bailey, D. Boneh, E. Bursztein, S. Consolvo, N. Dell, Z. Durumeric, P. G. Kelley, D. Kumar, D. McCoy, S. Meiklejohn, T. Ristenpart, and G. Stringhini. SoK: Hate, Harassment, and the Changing Landscape of Online Abuse. IEEE S&P, 2021.
• G. Kappos, H. Yousaf, A. M. Piotrowska, S. Kanjalkar, S. Delgado-Segura, A. Miller, and S. Meiklejohn. An Empirical Analysis of Privacy in the Lightning Network. FC, 2021.

2020

• E. C. Crities, M. Maller, S. Meiklejohn, and R. Mercer. Reputable List Curation from Decentralized Voting. PETS, 2020.
• E. Cecchetti, S. Yao, H. Ni, and A. C. Myers. Securing Smart Contracts with Information Flow. FAB, 2020.
• R. Bar-Zur, I. Eyal, and A. Tamar. Efficient MDP Analysis for Self-Mining in Blockchains. ACM AFT, 2020.
• A. Klages-Mundt, D. Harz, L. Gudgeon, J-Y. Liu, and A. Minca. Stablecoins 2.0: Economic Foundations and Risk-based Models. ACM AFT, 2020.
• B. Y. Chan and E. Shi. STREAMLET: Textbook Streamlined Blockchains. ACM AFT, 2020.
• M. Kelkar, F. Zhang, S. Goldfeder, and A. Juels. Order-Fairness for Byzantine Consensus. CRYPTO, 2020.
• S. Allen, S. Capkun, I. Eyal, G. Fanti, B. Ford, J. Grimmelmann, A. Juels, K. Kostiainen, S. Meiklejohn, A. Miller, E. Prasad, K. Wust, and F. Zhang. Design choices for central bank digital currency: Policy and technical considerations. Brookings Institute Working Paper, 2020.
• Y. Liu and R. Pass. On One-way Functions and Kolmogorov Complexity. IEEE FOCS 2020.
• K. Wust, S. Matetic, S. Egli, K. Kostiainen, and S. Capkun. ACE: Asynchronous and Concurrent Execution of Complex Smart Contracts. ACM CCS 2020.
• A. Manuskin, M. Mirkin, and I. Eyal. Ostraka: Secure Blockchain Scaling by Node Sharding. IEEE S&B 2020.
• F. Zhang, S. K. D. Maram, H. Malvai, S. Goldfeder, and A. Juels. DECO: Liberating Web Data Using Decentralized Oracles for TLS. ACM CCS, 2020.
• M. Mirkin, Y. Ji, J. Pang, A. Klages-Mundt, I. Eyal, and A. Juels. BDoS: Blockchain Denial of Service. ACM CCS 2020.
• L. Gudgeon, P. Moreno-Sanchez, S. Roos, P. McCorry, and A. Gervais. SoK: Layer-Two Blockchain Protocols. FC 2020.
• A. Kiayias, A. Miller, and D. Zindros. Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof-of-Work. FC 2020.
• A. Moin, K. Sekniqi, and E. G. Sirer. SoK: A Classification Framework for Stablecoin Designs. FC 2020.
• S. Bano, A. Sonnino, M. Al-Bassam, S. Azouvi, P. McCorry, S. Meiklejohn, and G. Danezis. SoK: Consensus in the Age of Blockchains. AFT, 2020.
• K. A. Negy, P. Rizun, and E. G. Sirer. Selfish Mining Re-Examined. FC 2020.
• P. Daian, S. Goldfeder, T. Kell, Y. Li, X. Zhao, I. Bentov, L. Breidenbach, and A. Juels. Flash Boys 2.0: Frontrunning, Transaction Reordering, and Consensus Instability in Decentralized Exchanges. IEEE S&P, 2020. Bloomberg article here.

2019

• S.K.D. Maram, F. Zhang, L. Wang, A. Low, Y. Zhang, A. Juels, and D. Song. CHURP: Dynamic-Committee Proactive Secret Sharing. ACM CCS, 2019.
• E. Cecchetti, B. Fisch, I. Miers, and A. Juels. PIEs: Public Incompressible Encodings for Decentralized Storage. ACM CCS, 2019.
• I. Bentov, Y. Ji, F. Zhang, Y. Li, X. Zhao, L. Breidenbach, P. Daian and A. Juels. Tesseract: Real-Time Cryptocurrency Exchange Using Trusted Hardware. ACM CCS, 2019.
• G. Fanti, J. Jiao, A. Makkuva, S. Oh, R. Rana, and P. Viswanath. Barracuda: The Power of l-Polling in Proof-of-Stake Blockchains. Best Paper Award, ACM MobiHoc, 2019.
• P. McCorry, S. Bakshi, I. Bentov, S. Meiklejohn and A. Miller. Pisa: Arbitration Outsourcing for State Channels. ACM AFT, 2019.
• M. Maller, S. Bowe, M. Kohlweiss, and S. Meiklejohn. Sonic: Zero-Knowledge SNARKs from Linear-Size Universal and Updatable Structured Reference Strings. ACM CCS, 2019.
• S. Bano, A. Sonnino, M. Al-Bassam, S. Azouvi, P. McCorry, S. Meiklejohn, and G. Danezis. SoK: Consensus in the Age of Blockchains. ACM AFT, 2019.
• H. Yousaf, G. Kappos, and S. Meiklejohn. Tracing Transactions Across Cryptocurrency Ledgers. USENIX, 2019.
• P. Reibel, H. Yousaf, and S. Meiklejohn. Why is a Ravencoin Like a TokenDesk? An Exploration of Code Diversity in the Cryptocurrency Landscape. FC, 2019.
• A. Sonnino, M. Al-Bassam, S. Bano, S. Meiklejohn, and G. Danezis. Coconut: Threshold Issuance Selective Disclosure Credentials with Applications to Distributed Ledgers. NDSS, 2019.
• J. Grimmelmann. Continuity and Change in Internet Law. Communications of the ACM, 2019.
• P. Daian, R. Pass and E. Shi. Snow White: Provably Secure Proofs of Stake. FC, 2019.
• G. Fanti, L. Kogan, S. Oh, K. Ruan, P. Viswanath, and G. Wang. Compounding of Wealth in Proof-of-Stake Cryptocurrencies. Financial Crypto, 2019.
• G. Asharov, T.-H. H. Chan, K. Nayak, R. Pass, L. Ren, and E. Shi. Locality-Preserving Oblivious RAM. EUROCRYPT (2), 2019.
• T.-H. H. Chan, R. Pass, and E. Shi. Consensus Through Herding. EUROCRYPT (1), 2019.
• W.-K. Lin, E. Shi, and T. Xie. Can We Overcome the n log n Barrier for Oblivious Sorting?. SODA, 2019.
• T.-H. H. Chan, K.-M. Chung, B.M. Maggs, E. Shi. Foundations of Differentially Oblivious Algorithms. SODA, 2019.
• A. Farhadi, M.T. Hajiaghayi, K.G. Larsen, and E. Shi. Lower bounds for external memory integer sorting via network coding. STOC, 2019.
• S. Kanjalkar, J. Kuo, Y. Li, and A. Miller. Short Paper: I Can't Believe It's Not Stake! Resource Exhaustion Attacks on PoS. FC, 2019.
• A. Miller, I. Bentov, S. Bakshi, R. Kumaresan, and P. McCorry. Sprites and State Channels: Payment Networks that Go Faster than Lightning. FC, 2019.
• S. Delgado-Segura, S. Bakshi, C. Perez-Sola, J. Litton, A. Pachulski, A. Miller, and B. Bhattacharjee. TxProbe: Discovering Bitcoin's Network Topology Using Orphan Transactions. FC, 2019. -R. Cheng, F. Zhang, J. Kos, W. He, N. Hynes, N. Johnson, A. Juels, A. Miller and D. Song. Ekiden: A Platform for Confidentiality-Preserving, Trustworthy, and Performant Smart Contract Execution. Euro S&P, 2019.

2018

• E. Hildenbrandt, M. Saxena, X. Zhu, N. Rodrigues, P. Daian, D. Guth and G. Rosu. KEVM: A Complete Semantics of the Ethereum Virtual Machine. At CSF 2018
• I. Tsabary and I. Eyal. The Gap Game. ACM CCS, 2018.
• G. Kappos, H. Yousaf, M. Maller and S. Meiklejohn. An Empirical Analysis of Anonymity in Zcash. USENIX Security, 2018.
• S. Matetic, M. Schneider, A. Miller, A. Juels and S. Capkun. DelegaTEE: Brokered Delegation Using Trusted Execution Environments. USENIX Security, 2018.
• Y. Zhou, D. Kumar, S. Bakshi, J. Mason, A. Miller and M. Bailey. Erays: Reverse Engineering Ethereum's Opaque Smart Contracts. USENIX Security, 2018.
• G. Fanti, S. Bakshi, S. Venkatakrishnan, A. Miller, B. Denby, S. Bhargava and P. Viswanath. Dandelion++: Lightweight Cryptocurrency Networking with Formal Anonymity Guarantees. ACM SIGMETRICS, 2018.
• K. Lee and A. Miller. Authenticated Data Structures for Privacy-Preserving Monero Light Clients. IEEE Security & Privacy on the Blockchain, IEEE S&B, 2018 (to appear).
• A.E. Gencer, S. Basu, I. Eyal, R.V. Renesse and E.G. Sirer. Decentralization in Bitcoin and Ethereum Networks. Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC), 2018.
• M. Möser, K. Soska, E. Heilman, K. Lee, H. Heffan, S. Srivastava, K. Hogan, J. Hennessey, A. Miller, A. Narayanan and N. Christin. An Empirical Analysis of Traceability in the Monero Blockchain. PETS, 2018.
• L. Breidenbach, P. Daian, F. Tramèr and A. Juels. Enter the Hydra: Towards Principled Bug Bounties and Exploit-Resistant Smart Contracts
• P. McCorry, A. Hicks and S. Meiklejohn. Smart Contracts for Bribing Miners. BITCOIN, 2018.
• F. Zhang, P. Daian, I. Bentov and A. Juels. Paralysis Proofs: Safe Access-Structure Updates for Cryptocurrencies and More. Advances in Financial Technologies (AFT), 2019. BITCOIN, 2018.
• S. Azouvi, M. Maller and S. Meiklejohn. Egalitarian Society or Benevolent Dictatorship: The State of Cryptocurrency Governance. BITCOIN, 2018.
• E. Kokoris-Kogias, P. Jovanovic, L. Gasser, N. Gailly, E. Syta and B. Ford. OmniLedger: A Secure, Scale-Out, Decentralized Ledger via Sharding. In IEEE Security and Privacy, 2018.

2017

• R. Pass and E. Shi. FruitChains: A Fair Blockchain. PODC, 2017.
• R. Pass and E. Shi. Hybrid Consensus: Efficient Consensus in the Permissionless Model. DISC, 2017.
• R. Pass and E. Shi. The Sleepy Model of Consensus. ASIACRYPT, 2017.
• E. Cecchetti, F. Zhang, Y. Ji, A. Kosba, A. Juels and E. Shi. Solidus: Confidential Distributed Ledger Transactions via PVORM. ACM CCS, 2017.
• F. Zhang, I. Eyal, R. Escriva, A. Juels and R. V. Renesse. REM: Resource-Efficient Mining for Blockchains. USENIX Security, 2017.
• P. Daian, I. Eyal, A. Juels and G. Sirer. PieceWork: Generalized Outsourcing Control for Proofs of Work. BITCOIN, 2017.
• F. Tramer, F. Zhang, H. Lin, J.P. Hubaux, A. Juels and E. Shi. Sealed-Glass Proofs: Using Transparent Enclaves to Prove and Sell Knowledge.. IEEE Euro S&P, 2017.
• A. E. Gencer, R. V. Renesse and E. G. Sirer. Service-Oriented Sharding with Aspen. CoRR, 2016.
• M. Borge, E. Kokoris-Kogias, P. Jovanovic, L. Gasser, N. Gailly and B. Ford. Proof-of-Personhood: Redemocratizing Permissionless Cryptocurrencies. In IEEE Security and Privacy on the Blockchain, 2017.
• E. Syta, P. Jovanovic, E. Kokoris-Kogias, N. Gailly, L. Gasser, I. Khoffi, M.J. Fischer and B. Ford. Scalable Bias-Resistant Distributed Randomness. In IEEE Security and Privacy, 2017.
• K. Nikitin, E. Kokoris-Kogias, P. Jovanovic, N. Gailly, L. Gasser, I. Khoffi, J. Cappos and B. Ford. CHAINIAC: Proactive Software-Update Transparency via Collectively Signed Skipchains and Verified Builds. In USENIX Security Symposium, 2017.

2016

• M. Milutinovic, W. He, H. Wu and M. Kanwal. 2016. Proof of Luck: an Efficient Blockchain Consensus Protocol.. In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on System Software for Trusted Execution (SysTEX '16).
• K. Nayak, S. Kumar, A. Miller, E. Shi. Stubborn Mining: Generalizing Selfish Mining and Combining with an Eclipse Attack.. IEEE Euro S&P, 2016.
• F. Zhang, E. Cecchetti, K. Croman, A. Juels and E. Shi. Town Crier: An Authenticated Data Feed for Smart Contracts. ACM CCS, 2016.
• A. Miller, Y. Xia, K. Croman, E. Shi and D. Song. The Honey Badger of BFT Protocols. ACM CCS, 2016.
• A. Juels, A. Kosba and E. Shi. The Ring of Gyges: Investigating the Future of Criminal Smart Contracts. ACM CCS, 2016.
• I. Eyal, A. E. Gencer, E. G. Sirer and R. V. Renesse. Bitcoin-NG: A Scalable Blockchain Protocol. NSDI, 2016.
• B. Marino and A. Juels. Setting Standards for Altering and Undoing Smart Contracts. Rule ML, 2016.
• K. Croman, C. Decker, I. Eyal, A.E. Gencer, A. Juels, A. Kosba, A. Miller, P. Saxena, E. Shi, E. G. Sirer, D. Song and R. Wattenhofer. On Scaling Decentralized Blockchains (A Position Paper). BITCOIN'16. (Full version here)
• E. Zhai, D.I. Wolinsky, R. Chen, E. Syta, C. Teng and B. Ford. AnonRep: Towards Tracking-Resistant Anonymous Reputation. In USENIX NSDI, 2016.
• E. Syta, I. Tamas, D. Visher, D.I. Wolinsky, P. Jovanovic, L. Gasser, N. Gailly, I. Khoffi and B. Ford. Keeping Authorities “Honest or Bust” with Decentralized Witness Cosigning. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2016.
• E.K. Kogias, P. Jovanovic, N. Gailly, I. Khoffi, L. Gasser and B. Ford. Enhancing Bitcoin Security and Performance with Strong Consistency via Collective Signing. In USENIX Security Symposium, 2016.

2015 and Older

• A. Kosba, A. Miller, E. Shi, Z. Wen and C. Papamanthou. Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts. IEEE S&P, 2015.
• A. Miller, A. Kosba, J. Katz, E. Shi. Nonoutsourceable Scratch-Off Puzzles to Discourage Bitcoin Mining Coalitions. ACM CCS 2015.
• A. Kiayias, Q.Tang. Traitor-deterring Schemes: Using Bitcoin as Collateral for Digital Contents. ACM CCS, 2015
• R. Pass and a. shelat. Micropayments for Decentralized Currencies. ACM CCS, 2015.
• A. Miller, J. Litton, A. Pachulski, N. Gupta, D. Levin, N. Spring and B. Bhattacharjee. Discovering bitcoin's public topology and influential nodes. Whitepaper, 2015.
• I. Eyal. The Miner's Dilemma. IEEE S&P, 2015.
• J. Bonneau, A. Miller, J. Clark, A. Narayanan, J. A. Kroll, E. W. Felten. SoK: Research Perspectives and Challenges for Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies, IEEE S&P, 2015.
• A. Everspaugh, R. Chatterjee, S. Scott, A. Juels and T. Ristenpart. The Pythia PRF Service. USENIX Security, 2015. (Proposes a password-hardening system; securing Bitcoin brainwallets is one application.)
• A. Miller, R. Jansen. Shadow-Bitcoin: Scalable Simulation via Direct Execution of Multi-threaded Applications. USENIX CSET Workshop, 2015.
• I. Eyal and E. G. Sirer. Majority Is Not Enough: Bitcoin Mining Is Vulnerable. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC), pp. 436-454, March 2014.
• A. Miller, A. Juels, E. Shi, B. Parno and J. Katz. Permacoin: Repurposing Bitcoin Work for Long-Term Data Preservation. IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (SP), 2014. (Note: Permacoin is an altcoin that "recycles" the resource costs of mining by creating a distributed storage system as a side-effect.)
• J. Bonneau, A. Narayanan, A. Miller, J. Clark, J. A. Kroll and E.W. Felten. Mixcoin: Anonymity for Bitcoin with accountable mixes. Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 2014.
• A. Miller and J.J. LaViola, Jr. Anonymous Byzantine Consensus from Moderately-hard puzzles: A Model for Bitcoin. (Tech Report) 2014.
• M. Ghosh, M. Richardson, B. Ford and R.Jansen. A TorPath to TorCoin: Proof-of-Bandwidth Altcoins for Compensating Relays. Workshop of Hot Topics in Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2014.
• S. Barber, X. Boyen, E. Shi and E. Uzun. Bitter to Better: How to Make Bitcoin a Better Digital Currency. In Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC), 2012.
• B. Ford, J. Strauss, C. Lesniewski-Laas, S. Rhea, F. Kaashoek and R. Morris. Persistent Personal Names for Globally Connected Mobile Devices. In USENIX OSDI, 2006.
• M. Jakobsson and A. Juels. Proofs of Work and Bread Pudding Protocols. Communications and Multimedia Security (CMS), pp. 258-272, 1999.
• A. Juels. Trustee Tokens: Simple and Practical Tracing of Anonymous Digital Cash. Financial Cryptography, pp. 29-45, 1999.
• M. Jakobsson and A. Juels. X-Cash: Executable Digital Cash. Financial Cryptography, pp. 16-27, 1998